Illustrations by
Carol Dormer
Tom Cardamone Associates
Frontispiece
Joseph Gagliardi
Facing page 1
Cajal Institute
Page 3
by Carol Donner
Page 5
Art by Carol Donner
Page 6 (left, middle), page 7
Drawings by Santiago Ramon y Cajal.
From Histologie du Systeme Nerveux de
I'Homme et des Vertebres, Madrid, 1952.
Page 6 (right)
Jennifer Lund,J. Comp. Neurology 257.
60-92 (1987).
Page 9
Art by Carol Donner
Page 12 . r- • l
Drawing by Santiago Ramon y Cajal.
Painted by R. Padro.
Page 15
Sanford L. Palay, Harvard Medical
School
Page 19
Cedric Raine, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine
Page 23
Barbara Reese, National Institutes of
Health
Page 30
Art by Carol Donner
Page 34
Art by Carol Donner
Page 35
© Lennart Nilsson. From his book Be-
hold Man, Little, Brown, and Com-
pany, Boston.
Page 38
Artwork by Carol Donner
Page 40
Janet Robbins, Harvard Medical
School
Page 48
Elio Raviola, Harvard Medical School
Page 48
S Polyak. From The Retina, Univer-
sity of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1941.
Page 50
Akimichi Kaneko
Page 58
Fritz Goro
Page 60
Artwork by Carol Donner
Page 62
David H. Hubel
Page 65
David H.
Hubel
Page 68
Janet Robbins, Harvard Medical
School
Page 70
Adapted from David H. Hubel. J.
Physiol. 148: 574-591 (1959), Fig. 8.
Page 74
Adapted from David H. Hubel and
Torstcn N. Wicsel, j. Physiol. 160:
106-154 (1962), Fig. 19.
Page 75 (top)
James P. Kelly, Columbia University
Pages 75 (bottom), 76, and 77
Adapted from David H. Hubel and
Torsten N. Wiesel, J. Physiol. 160:
106-154 (1962), Figs. 7, 20, and 8.
Page 80
From A. L. Yarbus, Eye Movements
and Vision, Plenum, New York, 1967.
Page 89 (left)
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, J. Physiol. 160: 106-154
(1962), Fig. 17.
Page 89 (right)
From David H. Hubel, Harvey Lec-
tures, series 72, Academic Press, New
York, 1978, Fig. 6.
Page 90
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, J. Physiol. 160: 106-154
(1962), Fig. 10
Page 92
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, Ferrier Lecture, Proc. R. Soc.
198: 1-59.
231

Page 94
Montreal Neurological Institute
Pages 95, 96, and 97
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, Ferrier Lecture, Proc. R. Soc.
198: 1-59, Figs. 6a, 6b, and 10.
Page 98
Drawing by Santiago Ramon y Cajal.
Pages 109, 110, and 111
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, Ferrier Lecture, Proc. R. Soc.
198: 1-59, Figs. 21, 22, and 23.
Page 112 (bottom)
From Simon LeVay, David H. Hubel,
and Torsten N. Wiesel, j. Comp.
Neural. 159: 559-576.
Page 113
Adapted from C. Kennedy ct al., Pro-
ceedings of the National Academy ofSci-
ences 73: '4230-4234 (1976), Fig. 2.
Page 114
From Roger Tootcll ct al., Deoxyglu-
cose Analysis of Retinotopic Organiza-
tion in Primate Streate Cortex, Science
218: 902-904 (1982), Fig. 1.
Pages 116 and 117
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, J. Comp. Neural. 158: 267-
294, Fig. 1.
Page 118
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, J. Physiol. 195: 215-243
(1968), Fig. 9.
Page 119 (top)
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, j. Comp. Neurol. 158: 267-294
(1974), Fig. 8c.
Page 121 (top and bottom)
From David H. Hubel, Torsten N.
Wiesel, and M. P. Stryker, j. Comp.
Neural. 177: 361-379 (1978), Fig. 7c.
Page 122
Gary Blasdel, University of Calgary
Page 124
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, Ferrier Lecture, Proc. R. Soc.
198: 1-59 (1977), Fig. 28.
Page 128
Janet Robbins, Harvard Medical
School
Pages 128 and 129 (top)
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, Uniformity of Monkey Striate
Cortex: A Parallel Relationship be-
tween Field Size, Scatter, and Magnifi-
cation Factor, J. Camp. Neurol. 158:
295-306 (1974), Figs. 1 and 2.
Page 129
From David H. Hubel, Nobel Lec-
ture, Nature 299: 515-524 (1982), Fig.
14.
Page 133
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, Ferrier Lecture, Proc. R. Soc.
198: 1-59 (1977), Fig. 14.
Page 134
Adapted from P. M. Daniel and
David Whitteridgc, J. Physiol. 159:
203-221 (1961), Fig. 6.
Page 136
David H. Hubel
Pages 138 and 139
Art by Carol Donner
Page 142
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, J. Neurophysiol. 30: 1561-1573
(1967), Fig. 4.
Page 148 (left)
ET Archive Ltd.
Page 148 (right)
Sir Charles Wheatstone, Contribution
to the Physiology of Vision, Phil.
Trans. R. Soc. (1838).
Page 150
From Bela Julesz, Foundations of Cyclo-
pean Perception, University of Chicago
Press, Chicago and London, 1971, p.
319.
Pages 152 and 153
From Margaret S. Livingstone and
David H. Hubel, j. Neurosci., in press.
Page 158
Charles Arneson
Page 169
Nancy Rodgcr
Page 176

Edwin Land
Page 177
Photo from Edwin Land. From D. J.
Ingle, The Goldfish as a Retinex Ani-
mal, Science 227: 651-653 (1985).
Page 179
From Gunnar Svaetichin and Edward
F. MacNichol, Jr., Annals of the Neiv
York Academy a/Sciences, 74: 385-404
(1958).
Pages 184 and 185
From Margaret S. Livingstone and
David H. Hubel, Anatomy and Physi-
ology of a Color System in the Pri-
mate Visual Cortex, J. Neurosci. 4:
309-356 (1984), Figs. 32 and 31.
Page 190
Chip Clark
Page 194 (top left)
From Torsten N. Wiesel and David
H. Hubel, J. of Neurophysiol. 26:
1003-1017 (1963), Fig. 3.
Page 194 (top right)
From David H. Hubel and Torsten N.
Wiesel, J. of Physiol. 160: 106-154
(1962), Fig.' 12.
Page 194 (bottom left)
From David H. Hubel, Torsten N.
Wiesel, and Simon LcVay, Phil. Trans.
278: 377-409 (1977), Fig. 1.
Page 194 (bottom right)
From David H. Hubel, Harvey Lec-
tures, series 73, Academic Press, 1978,
Fig. 6.

233
Page 196
From Torstcn N. Wicsel and David
H. Hubel,J. ofNeurophysiol. 26: 978-
993 (1963), Fig. 1.
Page 199 (left)
From Torstcn N. Wicsel, Nobel Lec-
ture, Nature 299: 583-591 (1982), Fig.
2.
Page 199 (middle)
From David H. Hubcl, Harvey Lecture,
series 72, Academic Press, 1978, Fig.
18.
Page 200 (left and right)
From David H. Hubel, Harvey Lecture,
series 72, Academic Press, 1978, Figs.
19 and 20.
Page 201
Francois Gohier/Ardea, London
Page 202 (top)
June E. Armstrong/New England
Regional Primate Research Center
Page 202 (bottom)
From Torsten N. Wie^el and David
H. Hubcl,7. Comp. Neurol. 158: 307-
318 (1974), Fig. 2.
Page 206
From David H. Hubcl and Torsten N.
Wiesel.J. Neurophysiol. 28: 1041-1059
(1965), Fig. 5.
Pages 209, 210, 211, and 212
From David H. Hubel, Torstcn N.
Wiesel, and Simon LeVay, Phil. Trans.
R. Soc. 278: 377-409 (1977), Figs. 15,
22, 25, and 28.
Page 218
Gordon Gahan